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HD12CE: Geotechnical Engineering
Introduction Development of soil mechanics, importance, associated problems and applications, interdisciplinary nature of geotechnical engg.
Origin and Composition of Soil Soil formation and types, colour, particle shape, mineral composition. Major soil deposits of India, Structure of clay minerals, structure of soils. Phase Relationship, Index Properties and Test for Classification of Soils Basic definitions, phase diagrams, useful inter-relationships, density Index, consistency limits of soils, activity, sensitivity, and thixotropy, particle size distribution analysis. Classification of Soils Soil classification principles, Field identification of soils, Preliminary descriptive classification of soils, Classification-MIT system, International classification system, Textural classification of fine-grained soils-plasticity chart. Soil Water Occurrence of ground water, water table, capilary water, soil structure, pore pressure and effective stress, frost action, permeability and seapage of soils-flow of water through soils. Coefficient of permeability and its determination in lab. and field, quick sand phenomenon, factors affecting permeability, permeability of layered soils, flow nets and its construction, seepage through earthen embankments, piping and protective filters. Soil Compaction Theory of compaction, laboratory determination of OMC & MDD by standard and modified proctor test, factors affecting compaction, effect of compaction and properties of soils, field compaction of soils, compaction control in fields. Consolidation of Soils Compressibility of soils, difference between compaction and consolidation, initial, preliminary and secondary consolidation, Terzaghi’s theory of one-dimensional consolidation, consolidation test, basic definitions, determination of co-efficient of consolidation, pre-consolidation pressure and its determination, time rate of consolidation, computation of settlement, soil drains. Shear Strength of Soils Mechanism of shear resistance, Mohr-columb theory, shear strength of effective stress principle, factors affecting shear strength of soils, different types of test and drainage conditions, various shear tests, pore pressure parameters, shear characteristics of cohesionless and cohessive soils, choice of test condition and shear parameters. Stability of Slopes Infinite and finite slopes, factor of safety, type of slope failure, stability of infinite slopes, finite slopesforms of slip surfaces, limit equilibrium method and critical stage instability analysis, effects of tension crack and submergence, C-analysis-method of slices, taylor’s stability no., use of Bishop’s method. Stress Distribution of Soils Causes of stress in soil, geostatic stress, Boussinesque’s equation, stress distribution diagrams, vertical stress beneath layered areas, New-mark’s influence chart Westergard’s equation.
Earth Pressure Types of lateral earth pressure, Rankine’s and Coulomb’s earth pressure, theory and their application for determination of lateral earth pressure under different conditions, Graphical methods of determination of lateral earth pressures. Ground Improvement Technique Stabilization of soil, Reinforced earth geotextile, geomembrane.
References 1. Gopal Ranjan and A.S.R. Rao-Basic and Applied Soil Mechanics. 2. R. Whitlone-Basic soil mechanics. 3. D.F. Mc Garthy-Essentials of soil mechanics and foundation. 4. Alam Singh-Modern Geotechnical Engg. 5. C. Venkatramaniah-Geotechnical Engg. 6. K.R. Rao-Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engg.
Geotechnical Engineering Lab 1. Visual identification and specific gravity 2. Sieve Analysis 3. Hydrometer Analysis 4. Liquid Plastic Limit Test 5. Shrinkage limit Test 6. Proctor Compaction Test 7. Relative Density 8. In site Density-Core Cutter & Sand Repl. 9. Permeability Test: Constant and Variable Head 10. CBR Test 11. Consolidation /Odometer test 12. Direct Shear Test 13. Unconfined Compression Test 14. Demonstration of Triaxial test
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