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Derivation of Backward, Forward and Central Difference Relations and estimate of error in use of these Relations. Solution of the beam type problems in Equilibrium, stability and vibration using these, Extension of Central Difference Relations in solution of Partial Differential Equations. Application to Laplace equation and torsion problems, Introduction to Finite Element Method and its uses in analysis of Civil Engineering Structures, Derivation of the element characteristics and condensation technique. Application of the Method in treatment of Plane stress and Plane strain problems, Organisation of the Finite Element programme and data preparation, Efficient solution techniques for simultaneous linear algebraic equations obtained in Finite Difference and Finite Element formulation.

References

1. Introduction to Finite Element Method - Desai and Abel.

2. Finite Element Method in Engineering - S.S. Rao.

D-2 Construction Equipment and Techniques

General considerations, Principle of Economics of Mechanised Construction Pavement Construction Equipments, Earth moving equipments, Excavation and lifting devices, Asphalt paving equipments, Special Equipments, Construction Process of Deep foundation for dams, bridges, high rise building, docks, harbours and airports.

List of References

1. Stuart Wood J.R. - Heavy construction equipment and methods, Prentice Hall Englewood Cliffs, New Jersy.

2. R.L. Peuritoy - Construction Planning equipment and methods, McGraw Hills International Book Company.

3. James F. Russel - Construction equipment, Metropolitan Book Co. Delhi. 1985.

D-3 Precast and Modular Construction Practices

Overview of reinforced and prestressed concrete construction Design and detailing of precast/prefabricated building components, Structural design and detailing of joints in prefabricated structures, Production of ready mixed concrete, quality assurance, Use of equipments in precast prefabricated structure, Productivity analysis, Economics of form work, Design of Formwork and their reusability, Modular construction Practices, Fibonacci series, its handling and other reliable proportioning concepts. Modular coordination, Standardisation, system building, Lamination and Advantages of modular construction.

D-4 Transportation System and Planning

Introduction, Technology of Transportation, Transportation system, Transportation, Planning

References

1. Introduction to Transportation Engineering - William W. Hay.

2. Introduction to Transportation Engineering Planning - E.K. Mortak.

3. Metropolitan Transportation Planning - J.W. Dickey.

D-5 Traffic Engineering

Introduction, Traffic Flow Theory , Traffic Studies ,Traffic Control

References

1. Highway Engineering - S.K. Khanna & CED Justo.

2. Transportation and Traffic Engineering Handbook - Institution of Transportation Engineering, U.S.A.

D-6 Rural Roads

Introduction, Rural Roads - their necessity and importance for the nation, Alignment and Design, ideal alignment and deviations from it, Construction and Maintenance

References

1. Highway Engineering - S.P. Bindra

2. Journals of Indian Roads Congress

3. Journals of Indian Highways

D-7 Analytical Photogrammetic Techniques

Development of photogrammetry as mapping technique, applications and advantages, Coordinate systems used in photogrammetry, Elements of interior and exterior orientation. Lens distortion and its elimination, elements of relative orientation, absolute orientation, Principles of re-projection, General idea about stereoplotting instruments, Different systems of aerial triangulation, Principles, Details of independent model configuration, strip formation and adjustment, Ground control provision, Choice of photographic scales, factors affecting cost and accuracy, Map substitutes, photomaps and mosaics.

D-8 Theory of Errors and Adjustment Computations

Errors-definition, sources and classification, Mathematical model, Error propagation, Laws of accidental errors, types of frequency distribution, Normal law of error, Deviation of normal law. Test of departure, most probable value, Measures of precision, standard error of indirectly observed and conditioned quantities, Weighting of observations, Rejection criteria, Statistical tests to be applied to observational data, Chi-square test, I-test, variance ratio test, curve fitting and correlation, Propagation of systematic and accidental errors, theory of least squares and its application to adjustment problems, Adjustment computations by observation equation method and condition equation method in matrix form, Adjustment of simple triangulation figures, Adjustment of level nets.

D-9 Elements of Geodesy and Field Astronomy

Figures of earth, some important spheroids, Properties of spheroids and Geoid, Spherical excess, computations of geodetic positions, Map projection-necessity and classification, properties of cylindrical and conical projections, Definitions of terms used in field astronomy, Astronomical coordinate systems, elementary spherical trigonometry, Napier's rules, Astronomical triangle with star at elongation, prime vertical, horizon and transit, systems of time, Interconversion, equations of time, Simple methods of determining azimuth, latitude and time, correction to field observations.

D-10 Remote Sensing in Civil Engineering

Definition of terms, space and airborne imageries, characteristics of photographic images, colour, tone and texture, Techniques of photo-interpretation, Special equipments, photo-interpretation keys, Ground truth collection and verification, photo-interpretation for selection of Civil Engineering project sites such as for buildings, Railways and highways etc, Principles of Remote Sensing and platform for remote sensing, different platform sensor combinations, The multiconcept, remote sensing through visible and other bands spectral signals, Different methods of remotely sensed data interpretation, Application of Remote sensing in land use and land cover analysis water resources management flood zoning and damage estimation, pollution studies, regional planning, Survey of natural resources and engineering works, Remote sensing satellite and their data products.

D-11 Design of Sub-structures

Footing Bridge Sub-structures, Retaining Walls, Marine Sub-structure, Machine Foundation.

D-12 Principles of Town Planning and Architecture

Principles of town planning, Land use patterns, Population survey, Density concepts, Services and transportation planning, Concept of habitat including environmental pollution, problems of metropolis, Satellite town concepts, Garden city movement, Neighbourhood planning, Brief history of architecture, Impact of development of materials through ages, Evolution of architectural forms, Anesthetics and functional proportions, Principles of architecture Design, Building Bye-Laws, Scale, Forms, Texture, Colour, Balance, Composition of Space, Role of architects and town planners, Architectural Drawing, Different symbols used in building industry, Design of typical buildings such as school, hospital, residencial and commercial complex, etc.

D-13 Introduction to Geoinformatics

Remote Sensing, Geographic Information System (GIS), Photogrammetry, Global Positioning System (GPS)