HD4EC : DIGITAL ELECTRONICS

1.      NUMBER SYSTEMS AND CODES

Binary Number System, Octal Number System, Hexadecimal Number System, Bits and Bytes , 1’s and 2’s Complements,  Decimal –to- Binary Conversion,  Decimal-to- Octal Conversion, Decimal –to-Hexadecimal Conversion, Binary –octal  and Octal – Binary Conversions , Hexadecimal – Binary and Binary –Hexadecimal Conversion, Hexadecimal –Octal  and Octal –Hexadecimal Conversion. BCD Code, Excess -3 Code , Gray code , Alphanumeric Codes ,Parity Bits, Hamming Code, Floating Point Numbers.

2.   BINARY ARITHNETIC

Basic Rules of Binary , Addition of Larger Bit Binary Numbers, Subtraction of Larger Bit Binary Numbers,  Addition Using 2’s Complement Method,  Subtraction Using 2’s Complement Method, Binary Multiplicity –repeated Left Shift and Add Algorithm , Binary Divison – Repeated Right Shift and Subtract Alogrithm.

3.   LOGIC GATES AND LOGIC FAMILIES

Positive and Negative Logic, Truth Tables, Logic Gates, Fan out of Logic Gates, Logic Families,  TTL Logic Family,  CMOS Logic Family, ECL Logic Family,NMOS AND PMOS  Logic Families.

4.      BOOLEN ALGEBRA AND MINIMISATION TECHNIQUES

Boolean Algebra vs. Ordinary Algebra , Boolean Expressions- Variables and Literals, Boolean Expressions – Equivalent and Complement,Theorems of Boolem Algebra, Minimisation  Techniques ,Sum –of – products Boolen Expressions, Quine- Mccluskey Tabular Method, Karnaugh Map Method,Karnaught Maps for Boolean Expressions : With More Than Four Variables.

5.      COMBINATIONAL LOGIC CIRCUITS

Combinational Circuits, Implementating Combinational Logic, Arithmetic Circuits –Basic Building Blocks, Adder- Subtractor, BCD Adder, Carry Propagation- Look Ahead Carry Generator, Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), Mulitpliers, Magnitude Comparator, Parity  Generator and Checker, De- multiplexers and Decoders, Encoders, Read Only Memory (ROM), Programmable Logic Array (PLA)

6.      FLIP FLOPS AND RELATED DEVICES

R-S Flip Flop , Level Triggered and Edge Triggered Flip Flops, J.K Flip Flop, Master-slave Flip Flops, T-flip Flop,  D-flip Flop, Synchronous and Asynchronous Inputs.

7. COUNTERS AND REGISTERS

Ripple Counter vs. Synchronous Counter, Modulus (or Mod-Number)of a Counter, Propogation Delay in Ripple Counters, Binary Ripple Counters- Operational Principle, Binary Ripple Counters with Modulus Less Than (2),Synchronous (or Parallel ) Counters, Up/Down Counters, Decade and BCD Counters , Presettable Counters, Shift Register, Serial-in Serial –out Shift Register, Serial –in Parallel-out Shift Register, Parallel – in ,Serial –out Shift Register, Parallel-in , Parallel –out Shift Register, Shift Register Counters- Ring Counter, Shift Counter.

8. SEMI- CONDUCTOR MEMORY

RAM Architecture, Static RAM (SRAM),Dynamic RAM (DRAM),