Data Abstraction, Instances And Schemas, Data Independence, The Object-Oriented Model, Record-Based Logical Models, Physical Data Models, Database Languages, Data-Definition Language, Transaction Management, Storage Management, Database Administrator, Database Users, Summary

3. DATA MODELS

Using High-Level Conceptual Data Models For Database Design, Entities And Attributes, Network Model, Data-Structure Diagrams, Implementation Techniques, Relational Model , Keys Query Languages

4. INTEGRITY CONSTRAINTS

Domain Constraints, Referential Integrity, Basic Concepts, Referential Integrity In The E-R Model, Database Modification, Referential Integrity In SQL, Assertions, Triggers, Functional Dependencies, Closure Of A Set Of Functional Dependencies, Closure Of Attribute Sets, Canonical Cover

5. RELATIONAL ALGEBRA AND DATA MANIPULATION OPERATIONS

Introduction, Traditional Set Operations, Extended Cartesian Product, Attribute-Names For Derived Relations, Special Relational Operations, Projection, Join, Division, Summary

6. RELATIONAL QUERY LANGUAGES

The Tuple Relational Calculus, Tuple Variables And Range Relations, Expressions And Formulas In Tuple,Relational Calculus, The Existential And Universal Quantifiers, Example Queries Using The Existential Quantifier, Transforming The Universal And Existential Quantifiers, Safe Expressions, Quantifiers In Sql, The Domain Relational Calculus, Basic Retrievals In Qbe

7. SQL

Introduction, Base Tables, Indexes, Retrieval Operations, Retrieval Of Computed Values, Built-In Functions, Update Operations

8. RELATIONAL DATABASE DESIGN

Domains And Attributes, Functional Dependencies, Teach, Teach, Inference Rules For Functional Dependencies, Equivalence Of Sets Of Functional Dependencies, Minimal Sets Of Functional, Dependencies, Normal Forms Based On Primary Keys, First Normal Form, Second Normal Form, Third Normal Form, Boyce-Codd Normal Form, Algorithms For Relational Database Schema Design, Decomposition And Lossless (Nonadditive) Joins

9. QUERY PROCESSING AND OPTIMIZATION

Overview, Catalog Information For Cost Estimation, Sorting, Join Operation, Estimation Of The Size Of Joins, Nested-Loop Join, Block Nested-Loop Join, Indexed Nested-Loop Join, Merge-Join, Hash-Join, Recursive Partitioning, Handling Of Overflows, Cost Of Hash-Join, Hybrid Hash-Join, Complex Joins, Duplicate Elimination, Projection, Set Operations, Outer Join, Aggregation, Pipelining, Implementation Of Pipelining, Evaluation Algorithms For Pipelining, Transformation Of Relational Expressions, Equivalence Rules, Examples Of Transformations, Choice Of Evaluation Plans, Interaction Of Evaluation Techniques, Cost-Based Optimization, Heuristic Optimization, Structure Of Query Optimizers

10. STORAGE STRATEGIES

Basic Concepts, Ordered Indices, Primary Index, Dense And Sparse Indices, Multilevel Indices, Index Update , Structure Of A B⁺-Tree, Queries On B⁺-Trees, Hash Functions, Hash Indies

11. TRANSACTION PROCESSING

Single-user versus multiuser systems, transactions, read and write operations, and dbms buffers, why concurrency control is needed, why recovery is needed, concurrency control techniques, guaranteeing serializability by two phase locking, dealing with deadlock and starvation, concurrency control based on timestamp ordering, timestamps, the timestamp ordering algorithm, multiversion technique based on timestamp ordering, multiversion two-phase locking using certify locks, granularity level considerations for locking, write-ahead logging, steal/no-steal, and force/no-force, checkpoints in the system log and fuzzy checkpointing, transaction rollback, recovery techniques based on deferred update, recovery using deferred update in a single-user environment, deferred update with concurrent execution in a multiuser environment, transaction actions that do not affect the database, recovery techniques based on immediate update, Undo/redo recovery based on immediate update in a single-user environment, undo/redo recovery based on immediate update with concurrent execution, procedure riu_m, shadow paging

12. ADVANCED TOPICS

New Database Applications, The Object-Oriented , Data Model, Object Classes, Inheritance, Multiple Inheritance, Object Identity, Object Containment, Object-Oriented Languages, Persistent Programming Languages, Persistent Programming Languages, Object Identity And Pointers, Storage And Access Of Persistent Objects, Persistent C++ Systems, The Odmg C++ Object-Definition Language, The Odmg C++ Object Manipulation Language, Object – Relational Databases, Inheritance, Nesting And Unnesting, Creation Of Complex Values And Objects

13. LOGICAL DATABASES

Introduction To Deductive Databases, Prolog/Datalog Notation, Datalog Notation, Clausal Form And Horn Clauses, Interpretation Of Rules, Basic Inference Mechanisms For Logic Programs, Bottom –Up Inference Mechanisms (Forward Chaining), Top- Down Inference Mechanisms (Backward Chaining), Deductive Database Systems, The LDL System

14. WEB DATABASES

Databases On The World Wide Web, Providing Access To Databases On The World Wide Web, The Web Integration Option Of Informix, The Oracle Webserver, Open Problems With Web Databases

15. DISTRIBUTED DATABASES

Distributed database concepts, parallel versus distributed technology, advantages of distributed databases, additional functions of distributed databases, data fragmentation, replication, and allocation techniques for distributed database design, types of distributed database systems,

16. DATA WAREHOUSING AND DATA MINING

Data Warehousing, Terminology And Definitions, Characteristics Of Data Warehouses, Data Modeling For Data Warehouses, Building A Data Warehouse, Typical Functionality Of Data Warehouses, Difficulties Of Implementing Data Warehouses, Open Issues In Data Warehousing, Data Mining, An Overview Of Data Mining Technology, Approaches To Other Data Mining Problems, Applications Of Data Mining